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J. B. CRAFT. APPARATUS FORIIOE MAKING AND REFRIGERATINGQ N0. 376;732.

Patented Jan, 24, 18-88..

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A 4 I J. B. CRAFT. APPARATUS FOR ICE MAKING AND 'REFRIGERATING.

Patented Jan. 24, 1888.

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J. B. CRAFT;

APPARATUS FOR ICE MAKING-AND REFRI GERATI' N G; No. 376,732. PatentedJan. 24, 1888.

W'LV/W/WO/ I v I f movwboz) FM 88W I zen of the United States, residingin New York NITED TATES,

JAMEsB. CRAFT, or NEW YORK, N. Y.'

APPARATUS FOR ICE. MAKINGAND REFRIGERATINFG.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 376,732, dated January24, 1888.

Application filed March 2, 1886. Serial No. 193,763. (No model.)

To aZZ 1071,0112. it mag concern:

Be it known that I, J AMES B. CRAFT, a citicit-y, New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Ice Makingand Refrigerating; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of referencemarked thereon, which form a part of this specification. The inventionhas for its object to improve the devices and mechanism at presentemployed in ice and refrigerating machines that operate upon theabsorption principle; and it consists of the improved mechanismshereinafter described and claimed.

Heretofore great difficulty has arisen in the practical operation ofabsorption ice-machines.

from what is known as the boiling over of the liquid contents 'of thedistilling-retorts,-

and especially so in machines in which the hot distilled gas on itspassage from the distilling-retorts is used to heat the incoming coldstrong water that supplies the distillingretorts. Various devices havebeen heretofore used for conducting and receiving the' heated gas fromthe distilling-retorts; but in all of them there has been aprogressivelyforward movement of the gas from the distilling-ret0rtsover to the condensing apparatus without efficient checks toprevent-boiling over, and where'the distilled gas has on its upwardpassage from the distillingvretorts been employed to'heat the incomingstrong water, stand-pipes have been used to effect that end, in whichthe distilled gas is brought into actual contact with the water invarious ways-such, for instance, as are shown in Letters Pa tent No;318,971, issued June 2, 1885, to O. H. Evans, and in Letters Patent No.316, 824, issued April 28, 1885, to T. B. Rankin. The improved methodsand apparatus herein described prevent the accident of boiling over andother incidental evils, by performing the operation of heating theincoming strong water by means of the outgoing hot distilled gas, andthereby accomplishing also the rectification of the distilled gas, allwithout actual physical contact of the cold water and hot gas; andthe'improved methods and apparatus herein described further preventboiling over commonly cylindrical.

lets back to the distilling-retorts, all 'as here- 6 inafter describedand claimed.

' In the accompanying drawings, which rep resent my invention in itspreferred form,

Figure '1 is afront view of. my machine. Fig.

2 is a side view of the same. Fig. 3 is a' sectional view of my improvedcondenser. Fig.

4 is a sectional view of the rectifier. Fig. 5

is a sectional view of the redistiller'. Fig. 6 is a sectional side viewof the gas-receiver; and

Fig. 7 is an end view'ofthe same. y 73 Similar letters referto similarparts inthe different drawings. I .1

A represents the retorts ordistilling vessels,

eight in'number', arranged as shown. These retorts are made of iron, orof any suitable 7 3 material, and of any shape or 'size, but more i Thearrangementot' a, these retorts is preferably'such as to make thecomplete still in the angular form of aletter A. These retorts may besupported'upon 8o an iron frame or upon masonry. Theretorts are providedwith steam-box coils b b, placed inside of the same. (See Figs. 1and'2.) The strong water or aqua ammonia, which is pumped up by the pumpS through the pipe 8 i c and coils 9, Figs. 1- and 4:,pours through thetrap plpe 0 intothe bottom of retort A.

That retort has an inch above its center an,

outlet-pipe, a, which enters retort A an inch below'its center. Thelatter has a similar gc overflow-connection with retort'A and thatwithA, and so on, in-series, to A The out-.

let in each instance is placed one inch above the center line, and theinlet one inch below the center line; of the retort, the backflow ofgas'being thus prevented. The retortsthus overflow in series, each oneremaining about half-full so long as sufficient strong water-is keptsupplied to the firstone, which can'be regulated by the pump S andthe'valve s rco Each retort has two .or more gas-outlet pipes,

c 0, extending upward from the highest points of the retorts and openinginto theupper part of the gas-receiver 0. This gas-receiver is an oblonghollow casting flat on top and slanting at the bottom from ends tocenter. In this gas receiver is a diaphragm, f, placed, as shown inFigs. 6 and 7, opposite the-openings c c of the gas-inlet pipes c 0, sothat the gas entering by the pipes c c is thrown or directed downwardtoward the bottom of the gas-receiver, and any water, carried up with itis thrown down to" the bott g pfthe-receiver.

c is the outlet-pipe for this water,'being the trap-pipe leading to thebottom of the retort A, and loosely surrounding and inclosing, as shownin Figs. 1, 2, and 6, the strongwvatersupply pipe 9 which dischargesinto the trap part of said pipe 0 at g, as shown.

0 is the gas-outlet pipe, being at the top of the gasreceiver, and, withthe lower neck or sleeve, 9, of the rectifier, it conducts the gas upinto the rectifier G. The rectifier G is placed above the gas-receiver.Inside this rectifier the strong-water-supply pipe 0 is wound intoaclose tight coil, g, of hour-glass shape, which is provided with adiaphragm, g, that prevents the passage of the gas directly upwardthrough the hollow core of the hourglass coil and forces it to passbetween the pipes of the coil outward'below and inward again above thediaphragm. The strong-water-supply pipe 0 g is preferably bent upward toform a trap, g, at the bottom of the recti- The cold strong water andthe hot wet gas are thus caused, respectively, to heat and cool eachother, the gas being thereby rectified. The water condensed from the gasfinds its outlet through 9 and 0 into 0, and thence through a into thebottom of retort A. The rectified gas passes through pipe h to thecoudensing-coil h H is a cylindrical vessel closed at both ends anddivided into three concentric apartments that are water-tight. I11 theinner compartment,h, is placed the condensing-coil h. In the middlecompartment, k is placed the absorbing-coil Z In the outer compartment,h, is placed the weak-water coil h". These compartments are kept filledwith running water which enters the inner compartment at h passes intothe middle compartment at it, into the outer compartment at h, andloutat h. The liquid gas condensed in the condenser h runs into the liquidgasjar I, which has the usual water-gage to show the amount of liquidgas contained in it, and discharges through the pipe k in the usual wayinto the freezing-tank K, having the usual coils, k, where the gas isexpanded and the cold produced. The pipe It has the usual valve. Thespent gas is returnedthrough the pipe 2* to the absorber L, whichconsists of the coil Z immersed in water.

The gas entering these coils meets in the usual.

vessel H and opens into the pipe Z", as shown, where that pipe entersthe vessel H, and the absorbing-coil 1 begins. The absorption of the gasby the weak water and the cooling makes strong water which passes bypipe m into-the bottom of the strong-water receiver M, which has theusual water-gage. The receiver M is kept supplied with suflicient waterto keep the end of the pipe m submerged in the same. The strong water inthe receiver is allowed to flow into pump S, which throws it back intothe still through pipe 0, hour-gla s coil 9, and pipe gidischargingintothe bottom of the trap at g, as heretofore explained.

J is the redistiller'. It is shown in detail in Fig. 5. Retort Aoverflows into it through pipej, which has valve j. Pipe j dischargesinto J through four perforated arms, j, set at right angles. The domejhas two openings, j and j. The base j has chambers j and which areprovided, as shown, with vertical tubes j and 7' Steam is admitted intothe chamberj, thence,passing up vertical tubes j, down vertical tubes jinto chamber j", and out at j The weakened water that overflows into Jfrom A is superheated just at its surface by the peculiar arrangement ofsteam-pipes shown, and its overflow through 9' is of absolutely weakwater. The distillation in this redistiller, consisting very largely ofsteam and but little of ammoniacal gas, is not conducted into the gasreceiver 0, but is discharged.

through pipe j into one of the distilling-retorts A, underneath thesurface of the water in the same, as shown in A. This pipej has valveThe redistiller insures the perfection of the distilling operation anddischarges thoroughly-weakened water through pipej into the top of theweak-water jar O. This weak-water jar has the usual water-gage. Itsdischarge-pipe 0 has its opening under the surface of the weak water inthe jar O, and has the usual valve. The pressure throughout thedistillers and redistillcr drives the weak Water up the pipe 0 as fastas the valve allows.

Theoperation of my improved device is as follows: The aqua-ammonia isheated in the distilling-retorts. The gas passes up into thegas-receiver and is thrown down toward the bottom of the same by thediaphragm f before it can pass up into the rectifier. This prevents anyboiling over of the still into the condenser and separates from the gasany water that may have been carried up with it, and discharges suchwater back into the bottom of the distilling-retorts. The hot gaspassing into the rectifier is there brought into thermal contact withthe descending supply of cold strong water without coming into actualphysical contact with the same, the gas giving up its heat to the waterand thereby being itself rectified and dried, the water of condensationbeing discharged downward into the distilling-retorts. The rectified gasis then condensed, stored, and utilized, as usual, and the spent gasreabsorbed by the weak water, and the oper ation repeated. Theredistiller perfects thedistillation and produces uniformly-weak waterfor purposes of more certain and reliable absorption.

' The specific forms of apparatus shown may be varied in many wayswithout departing from the spiritand substance of my invention.

1 do not broadly claim simultaneously heat-- ing the incoming liquidcontents of a heated moniacal salts.

What I claim as new, and desire to secur V by Letters Patent, is-

. 1. -In an ice or refrigerating machine, a rectifyingvessel having anhour-glass coil of piping for the cold aqua-.ammoniaanda'centraldiaphragm in such coil, a gas-inlet and water-outlet vent at the centerof the bottom and'a gas-outlet vent at the center of the top, wherebythe gas to be rectified is cooled and freed from water-vapor and theaquaammonia is heated, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.I y 2. In combination with the distilling devices of an ice orrefrigerating machine, a gas receiving or conducting'device having adownwardly-conducting portion,-with a water outlet or vent at thebottomof such downwardlyconducting portion, and a rectifying devicehaving within it a coil or passage-way for the cold aqua-ammonia, andawater outlet or vent tilling and the rectifying devices and connectedtherewith, as shown, whereby thejdistilled' gas is freed from water andfrom water-vapor,

at its lowest point, the gas receiving or con-- ducting device beingarranged between the dis- 3. In combination with the distilling-retortof an ice or refrigerating machine and its gasdischarge pipe orpipes, agas-receiver, and a return water-pipe connecting the lower part ofthegas-receiver with the lower part of the distilling-retort, wherebyany water'in the gasreceiver is returned to the distilling-retortf whilethe water-trap formed in said return water-pipe prevents thebackflow'ofgas from 1 the gas-receiver into'thc distilling-retort, substantially asand for the purposes setforth;

4. In combination with the distilling-retort of an ice or refrigeratingmachine and its gasdischarge pipe orpipes, a gas-receiver, a returnwater-pipe connecting the lower part of.5 I

the gas-receiver with the lower part of the distilling retort andforming a water-trap thereby, and an aqua-ammonia-sup'ply pipedischarging in such trap, substantially as and for the purposesfsetforth. Q p 5. In combination with the distilling-retort of an iceorrefrigerating machine and its gasdischarge pipe or pipes, agas-receiver, a return water-pipe connecting the lower part of thegas-receiver with the lower part of the distilling-retort and forming awater-trap thereby, a rectifier having a water "outlet or vent at itslowest point and having within it acoil or separate passage-way for thecold aqua-ammonia,'and, continuing such coil or 7o" passage-Way, asupply-pipe discharging inithe water-trap of the return water-pipebetween the gas-receiver and the distilling-retort, sub stantially asandfor the purposes set forth.

JAS. B. oRAFT.

Witnesses: I

ROBERT N. Kenyon, W. KENYoN,

